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Article 2
cont.
The reason given for the new (in reality,
bloody obsolete technology) engine was to power the new
AUSTIN 3 LITRE, a horrible monstrosity, sort of
like a giant economy size AUSTIN 1800 with
north-south engine driving the rear wheels This was a
fairly heavy car with a low diff etc. as required of
a saloon type car.
Unfortunately Abingdon got stuck with this
new? C series engine.
NOTE:
The MGB
& MGC share cam timing, cam lift, rocker
ratio and therefore valve lift. The ‘C’ has
9:1 C.R., the ‘B’ 8.8:1, which would
indicate both engines should feel similar but not so;
the ‘C’ feels totally different from
the ‘B’.
It was considered that about 25% of the
flywheel mass could be safely removed (cast iron, not
steel). The engine balance was rather poor, maybe this
was the reason for the light truck flywheel. The press
people commented on how smooth the new C series
engine was compared to the 5 bearing B series
engine and the superceded C series engine as
fitted to the Healey 3000. (4 Bearing)
So 25% of the flywheel mass was removed and
the motor fully balanced. We discovered that the piston
crowns were .020 inch below the block face and as the
head was being worked on by me we thought it worth
while to lower the block face .018 inch to try and
improve combustion. The “warranty supplied”,
correct valve guides were fitted and the motor
reassembled. I cleaned up the head to be similar to the head on
my ‘B’.
NOTE:
The
originally fitted valve guides had the groove to retain
the seals in the wrong place so that the seals came
off and indeed acted like oil pumps for the inlet
valves. No wonder the press cars all had plug fouling.
The seals still come off. In article 4, I will detail
a good fix that cures this oily plug problem.
A
noticeable
improvement in driveability resulted, the engine pulled
better and changed revs more like a ‘B’; and the
overdrive now operated as it should have from the
start. Economy improved and the flexibility remained
unchanged, all up a big improvement but well below
what one expects from a 3 Litre car. Now you can buy an
Aliminum flywheel for a “C” from tuning specialists in the UK.
About this time I read an article about
Downton Engineering Works who had a long history of
working with BMC and particularly MG; in
fact the heads from Special Tuning were done by
Downton . This company were also involved with the
development of the MGC competition engines as
fitted to the Le Mans and Sebring cars (MGC-GTS).
Downton
had developed two tuning kits for the production ‘C’
long before University Motors came into the picture. Kit 43
which retained the existing inlet manifold (reworked) an
exchange head and completely new extractor dual exhaust
system & Kit 45 the same except that the “Metters
Gas Stove” type inlet manifold is scrapped and
replaced with 3 fabricated tabular steel manifolds plus
the very necessary 3rd SU; the additional
front SU having a short neck to clear the bonnet.
This I decided was the only way to go, as the
Downton head produced 174.6 nett BHP @ 5500 RPM.
(The dual exhaust system contributes about 20 BHP as
part of Kit 45. from a letter from Downton).
Being my only car, it was impossible to
send the head to the UK on exchange, I asked
Downton if they would
supply Kit 45 without
the head. Understandably they
were not all
tha interested; but also appreciatedmy difficulty
and agreed to ship but not guarantee the results. The eagerly awaited kit duly arrived and instant
activity followed, during the next weekend. The
difference was quite surprising (even with my
enthusiastic but amateur headwork) now the engine pulled
when cold and had a lot more low end torque, revved
easily and developed high end power running to 6000
without fuss. Downton advised that they regularly
ran these engines to 6000 RPM. ( to add confusion the
Workshop manual lists valve crash as 5500 RPM, maybe
this is why they quote max, power at 5250 even though
the tacho red line starts at 5600 RPM. NOTE:
Apparently some early factory engines were fitted
with weak valve springs. NOTHING WOULD SURPRISE
ANYBODY ABOUT BLMC IN 67/68. This info. Was supplied
by Downton.
I was so surprised with this change, all the
well noted problems had disappeared, so I asked
Downton if they could supply a head. They agreed
to get an Austin head and re-machine it. (MG &
AUSTIN heads are identical except for the colour, Greenish for
the “C” and black for the AUSTIN).
At the next sprint meeting the “C” did a 16.5
seconds standing ¼ mile. C.F. 17.9 previously. (I never got
the opportunity to time the car with the Downton head fitted.)
This head was fitted as soon as it arrived
and I immediately noticed a big lift in low end
torque, particularly over the rev range where this
engine runs as a day to day car, my head was similar
in the higher ranges but sadly lacking down low by
comparison. The most noticeable difference was fuel
economy 28 MPG on a fast trip 25 MPG overall town and
country use; a lot better than the original 22.5 and
17.3 figures with the original car. On our Wednesday
runs we often average better than 30 MPG, With SHELL
OPTIMAX /VALVEMASTER and Michelin ENERGY MXV3A tyres up to 32
MPG has been achieved.
The propellor, sorry fan, was the next item
for attention. All the press had commented on the very
noisy fan; and they were correct. A change back from
4th to 2nd in traffic produced a
roaring noise that drowned out all other engine noise,
again an article in a UK magazine suggested a Kenlowe
thermostatic fan could reduce the noise and let
the wasted power drive the wheels. Kenlowe advised
that the fan used 12 BHP @ 5000 RPM, it certainly
sounded like that may be correct with the very
short fan belt and alternator bearing life I was
experiencing. A lot of engine power went for no useful
purpose. I fitted a Kenlowe designed for the
‘C’ in the UK, great no noise, good until a heavy
traffic, heat soak situation then the fan could not
cope with the Aussie summer, the other problem is the
piddling toy alternator of 34 amps capacity (less 10% in
our climate) but only with the car running at 3000 RPM
(which is 81 MPH in O/D) so at legal speeds an
electric fan would only work with an appropriate size
and speed alternator; scrap the electric fan and ponder
for a few more years.
The solution for the power wasting fan is
remarkable simple, fit a thermoclutch unit as used by
BMW’s for years. This requires very little
machining and fits perfectly in the normal fan shroud
and unless pointed out most observers don’t even notice
the change. The advantages are many, dead quiet, plenty
of air in traffic and low speed use, stable idle and
no power wasted at cruising speeds. (This change will
be detailed in article 4.)
Since this information has been dispersed far and
wide Ian Hobbs from the Adelaide “C” Register has checked around
for a cheaper clutch fan and discovered that the hub from a “VL”
Commodore with a Nissan fan fits very well with minimum
modification to the “C” water pump hub. Ian got the parts from
the wreckers for about $50. .
Data from Downton said that the factory
figures for the ‘C’ engine gave 123.7 BHP at
the flywheel with all engine ancillaries fitted but
with a less restricted workshop exhaust system.
Downton ‘s own figures were obtained with all
ancillaries fitted, and their exhaust system. Motor
Noters who tested a ‘C’ with Kit 43
fitted pondered how a ‘C’ with 149 nett BHP @
5500 RPM could accelerate and pull so well when the
factory car supposedly produced 145 nett BHP @ 5250 RPM.
Their conclusion was that the Factory figures were probably
optimistic; obviously very optimistic; which explains the 17.9
second ¼ mile.
We now realize why the ‘C’ was such
a LEMON, it barely managed 124 BHP in
reality, no wonder the “press” could not
explain why the Big Healey felt so much
stronger; all sorts of silly reasons were offered
including additional friction of 7 bearings ‘V’
4 and excessive windage from the new crank. No
doubt the new engine had greater losses than the early
unit but not 20 BHP, I believe the Morris
Engines people just stuffed up the manifolding.
Several books have mentioned that most of the problems with the
“C” are manifolding and the flywheel mass. The standard ‘C’
inlet manifold has 2 capillary drain tubes fitted. Just in front
of each SU with a dimple in the manifold to collect the pooled
fuel.Bloody good design???
Kit 43
gave a
torque figure of 170.5 Lbs Ft @ 3000, less than the
factory sales figures but more than the actual torque
of the production car. A comparasion of data from the
‘B’ & ‘C’ is interesting, the MK 1 B has a
BMEP (Brake Mean Effective Pressure) of 152
@ 3100 RPM the Kit 43 C has 145 @
3000; one can only guess what the standard car figure
was, probably less than 140 @ 3400/3500 RPM. No wonder
the ‘B’ is such a good car. A MK 1 B
gave 52.84 BPH/Litre (from MGB special tuning
manual); the standard C 42.5 BHP/Litre; Kit
43 gave 51 BHP/Litre and Kit 45
gave 60 BHP/Litre and a BMEP of 161 @ 3000 RPM,
Power as said of 174.6 BHP @ 5500 RPM and torque of
190 Lbs Ft @ 3000 RPM. Kit 45 gives an
increase of 41% over the standard car; this really
improves the response and efficiency of the engine.
The MGC – GTS alloy headed engines with
3 dual throat Webbers, big valves and cam produced
200/210 BHP @ 6000 RPM so the engine was certainly
capable of very impressive performance with long life
and reliability in long distance races. MG Motorsport (Doug
Smith) are now supplying “C” engines with triple Webers from 180
to 230 BHP, some cars referred to as fast road engines.
Downton
provided either 9.5:1 or 9.3:1 C.R. heads, I
ordered mine at the lower ratio and with my block
work ended up with 9.46:1. Pump fuel of course could
not cope with this compression, (it was not even OK
at 8.8:1 MGB C.R.). BP Nundah had a BP100 pump
so all was well for many years; when this closed down
the car ran on 100/130 avgas (equivalent to 104 RON) which
was much better, except that the car was restricted to
a maximum of 150 miles from home (300 miles per tank)
plus the problems of 44 Gallon drums. Knowing that fuel
quality would only get worse (98 then 97 now 96 RON)
I reduced the C.R. to 8.6:1 to run on current pump
fuel. Shell OPTIMAX is rated at 98 RON and is ideal with 8.6 or
8.8 CR. No pre-ignition at all with correctly set timing at high
temperatures.
In 1986, it was time for a full pull-down
and look see. Maximum bore wear ¾ inch down the bores
was less than .001 inch not bad for 53,500 miles
fairly hard use; the bearings were fine and the little
end bushes well within factory spec., so this is a
real long life engine (now 92,048 miles on 3 NOV 03) The
pistons were not well due to carbon build up behind
the rings, which had caused ring lands to wear, caused
by the bad design of valve guide seals and the
earlier problem of incorrectly machined valve guides (it
is hard to retain one’s sanity with a BLMC
67/68 car).
NOTE:
The ‘C’ engine has dry fit cylinder liners
despite what the “experts” (drips under pressure)
said, this explains the very low bore wear. Knowing how
marginal a ‘B’ was (8.8:1) on pump fuel, we
decided to reduce the C.R. to 8.6:1 this was achieved
by machining the new standard piston tops down .060
inch over a diameter equal to the active combustion
area, then balancing prior to re-assembly. The bores
were very lightly flex-honed with a 280 grit hone, to
allow good bedding in for the new rings; oil
consumption is about 1 Litre/2000 miles at present. What
I would have liked to do with the pistons was to
dish the tops the same as standard MGB pistons,
I believe this design gives the ‘B’ its good low
speed torque.
I was surprised ho much happier the car was
in normal traffic use and day to day driving, and while acceleration was down slightly the car was now
used everywhere not restricted to out of town use. The lesson here is that most cars spend 75% or mor of
their use mixed in with general traffic and it is here
where opinion is formed about what a car is like to
live with day to day and do we keep it or sell it.
As the ‘C’ arrived we all knew that it should
be much bette and probably could be made into a good
GT & Sports Car, but many time I wondere if the pain would be rewarded with effort, time and
money; today I am pleased that I did not sell it and no it’s a retirement toy..
I now run the car on Optimax with Valvemaster and
have since Optimax became available. Valve clearances have only
changed 1 or 2 Thou. Over the last 40,000 odd miles when the
major pull-down took place. When I next remove the head I will
have the valves and seats done to run ULP but will still add
Valvemaster as it is a very effective de-carbonising agent; it
was originally developed in the 30’s by Du Pont as a de-cokeing
additive for American cars. Shell added it in the 60’s and
called it ICA, to keep plugs clean. This is probably why Shell
sell it @ their Servos, they know all about its benefits.
Finally i this 2nd
article a question for our technical readers. Why
didn’t youchange the cam? Answer : The ca
is the same as the standard ‘B’,
which as outlined in the last paragrap is verysuitable for
everyday use, of greater importance is th gearing of
the ‘C’ whic runs at 2350 RPM i O/D 4th
@ 10 KPH. Th car would fly wit a wild cam
but it would alway run belo the cam, idle like a
tractor and be an absolute pain in traffic and day to
day use exactly the opposite to wha w have achieved.
The 3rd article, will cover
suspension and handling, this is the area where the
most improvement and enjoyment for the least cost can
be achieved. |